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ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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The Parliament Inside: Detecting and Classifying Internal Argumentative Voices in AI Reasoning Models Under Cognitive Pressure

Authors: Videnov, Venelin;

The Parliament Inside: Detecting and Classifying Internal Argumentative Voices in AI Reasoning Models Under Cognitive Pressure

Abstract

I present evidence that AI reasoning models develop internal "parliaments", recurring argumentative voices with distinct behavioural profiles, when making decisions under uncertainty in game-theoretic environments. Using an automated Deliberation Detector applied to full chain-of-thought traces from models across six AI laboratories (Anthropic, Alibaba, Google, DeepSeek, xAI, and OpenAI), I identify six voice archetypes (Analytical, Conservative, Aggressive, Contrarian, Intuitive, Neutral) and quantify their frequency, win rates, and correlation with decision quality. Key findings: (1) reasoning models debate internally in 7–53% of decisions depending on laboratory of origin, (2) only 1–21% of these debates reach explicit resolution: the vast majority are performative, (3) a single dominant voice wins 90%+ of debates regardless of model size, (4) when the Analytical voice overrides the default, decision quality improves dramatically, (5) different AI laboratories produce fundamentally different parliament structures, and (6) one major provider charges for reasoning tokens but does not expose the reasoning text.

Keywords

LLM behaviour, performative reasoning, AI reasoning, deliberation detection, chain-of-thought, internal argumentation, reasoning models, interpretability

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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