Green chemistry and sustainable technologies are pivotal in addressing the environmental challenges posed by traditional chemical processes. This review explores the evolution, principles, and applications of green chemistry, emphasizing its role in fostering sustainable development. We examine various strategies, including the use of renewable resources, energy-efficient processes, and the design of biodegradable products. The integration of green chemistry into industrial practices is discussed, highlighting case studies and real-world applications that demonstrate its efficacy in reducing environmental impact. The review also elaborates on the current innovations in catalysis, biotransformation, and green solvents that have revolutionized modern industries. Furthermore, it highlights the synergy between green chemistry, circular economy, and digital technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in optimizing chemical synthesis and reducing waste. Challenges and future directions are also considered, with a focus on policy frameworks, economic considerations, and technological advancements.