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Other literature type . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Other literature type . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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The Light Sensitivity Epidemic in Modern India: Convergent Epidemiological, Photobiological, and Environmental Factors Driving Photic Discomfort in the World's Most Populous Nation

Authors: Dubey, Suraj; Choudhary, Monica;

The Light Sensitivity Epidemic in Modern India: Convergent Epidemiological, Photobiological, and Environmental Factors Driving Photic Discomfort in the World's Most Populous Nation

Abstract

India faces a convergent light sensitivity epidemic driven by five simultaneous factors: (1) 1.1 trillion annual smartphone-hours with 450-490 nm spectral peaks (EY 2024), (2) rapid LED lighting transition with unregulated spectral profiles, (3) 213 million migraine cases with 80-90% photophobia prevalence (GBD 2019), (4) 25.7% insomnia prevalence (medRxiv meta-analysis 2023), and (5) 50%+ population exposure to light-polluted skies. This narrative review synthesises epidemiological, photobiological, and environmental data to characterise the scope and mechanisms of India's light sensitivity burden. We evaluate limitations of current optical interventions (generic blue-light coatings, dark sunglasses) and present a three-tier wavelength-selective optical intervention framework: FL-41 dual-band filtration (NeuroCalm FLX+, Patent IN 202521094370) for migraine photophobia, amber filtration (Circadian560, Patent Pending IN 202521120977) for circadian disruption, and HEV-selective filtration (DayActive) for daytime screen comfort. 6 pages, 4 tables, 25 peer-reviewed references. Authors: Dubey S, Choudhary MAffiliation: Sleepaxa Private Limited, Mumbai, IndiaDPIIT Recognised | CTRI Registered | Wikidata: Q138837663 | ORCID: 0009-0003-7510-9254

Keywords

FL-41, wavelength-selective filtration, Ophthalmoplegic Migraine, Photophobia, LED spectral emission, ipRGC, light sensitivity, photobiological eyewear, melanopsin

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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Average
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