Governance Axes as a Multi-Dimensional Diagnostic Lens Abstract The Governance Axes are a set of independent dimensions describing how authority, agency, knowledge, constraint, continuity, and related governance properties are structured and preserved over time. Each axis represents a distinct governance dimension along which conditions may vary in intensity, accumulate pressure, or interact with other dimensions. The axes were originally identified through repeated observation of governance breakdowns across AI-mediated, institutional, and organisational contexts. However, they are not confined to failure analysis. Rather, they define a continuous governance space admitting stable, strained, and destabilising states. This paper formalises the axes as a multi-dimensional diagnostic lens. It clarifies their dimensional character, establishes normative constraints governing their projection and interpretation, and integrates refinements including a rearticulation of Social Coordination (Sc) and the introduction of Epistemic Mediation (M). The framework provides structural clarity without prescribing metrics, causal models, or remediation hierarchies. It is intended as a portable analytic vocabulary for cross-domain governance reasoning.