Female infertility is a complex health issue that affects a significant number of women of reproductive age across the globe. Although modern techniques such as assisted reproductive technologies are available, they are often expensive and may not always provide successful outcomes. Traditional medicinal plants are gaining attention as supportive therapies because they act through multiple biological pathways, including hormonal balance, antioxidant defense, and reduction of inflammation. This chapter highlights the major causes of female infertility, the role of medicinal plants, their active constituents, and their mechanisms of action