The strong interaction is the fundamental interaction that maintains the stability of atomic nuclei, whose essence is described by quantum chromodynamics (QCD) as the color charge interaction between quarks. However, the gauge field description of QCD lacks a direct interpretation coupling matter distribution and motion. Based on the mass field momentum coupling theory, this paper takes the "uneven color charge distribution" as the core premise and incorporates the strong interaction into the dynamic system of "generalized uneven matter distribution + motion coupling → short-range dynamic effect". The research shows that the essence of nuclear force is the tangential component of the generalized momentum coupling force generated by the coupling between the short-range color charge field formed by the uneven color charge distribution of quarks inside nucleons (protons/neutrons) and the motion of nucleons; the color charge field exhibits exponential decay ( action range), which determines the short-range property of the strong interaction; the tangential dominant dynamic component realizes the binding between nucleons, and the radial component explains the quark confinement phenomenon. By deriving the expression of momentum coupling force under the color charge field, it is proved that it can be equivalently reduced to the Yukawa nuclear force potential formula, and the calculated nuclear force strength is quantitatively consistent with experimental data. This paper realizes the self-consistent interpretation of the strong interaction, gravity and electromagnetic force under the same theoretical framework, providing support for relevant research.