The primary objective of successful endodontic treatment is the complete elimination of microorganisms and debris from the affected root canals, ensuring thorough sealing and removal of any microbial presence in the canal space. Consequently, intracanal medicaments have been utilized in root canal therapy (RCT). Numerous intracanal medicaments have been evaluated, with calcium hydroxide being the most effective, though it has its own set of limitations and drawbacks. Additionally, some newer materials such as bioactive glass, Triple antibiotic paste, and PDA have been suggested for use as intracanal medicaments. This article aim’s to highlight uses and limitations of calcium hydroxide as well as the recent advances in intracanal medicaments. Success of the root canal treatment lies on 1) Biomechanical preparation of the root canals 2) Depuration 3) Obturation. Intracanal medicaments plays an important role in destroy.