Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) files acquired at the beginning (0h), in the middle (12h) and at the end of the resident physicians shift. Two different paradigms were carried out at each time point: resting-state and laparoscopic training. 22 long channels and 2 short-separation channels of the fNIRS probe covered the prefrontal cortex.Videos of the laparoscopic training task accompany the fNIRS acquisitions. lap01.zip Contains the BIDS-compatible fNIRS data of the laparoscopic training at 0 hours lap01video.zip Contains the video recordings of the origami-folding laparoscopic training task at 0 hours lap02.zip Contains the BIDS-compatible fNIRS data of the laparoscopic training at 12 hours lap02video.zip Contains the video recordings of the origami-folding laparoscopic training task at 12 hours lap03.zip Contains the BIDS-compatible fNIRS data of the laparoscopic training at 24 hours lap03video.zip Contains the video recordings of the origami-folding laparoscopic training task at 24 hours resting01.zip Contains resting-state fNIRS recordings at 0 hours resting02.zip Contains resting-state fNIRS recordings at 12 hours resting03.zip Contains resting-state fNIRS recordings at 24 hours participants.tsv Provides age, sex, handedness and OBFE scores for all participantsoptodes_MNI_coordinates Contains MNI coordinates for the fNIRS probe optodes residents_lap_train_tasks_timing Contains the timing of the tasks performed during the laparoscopic training. L marker denotes the start of video recording, for further synchronization