This study examines the combined influence of strategic green human resource management and corporate social responsibility on enhancing sustainable performance in Saudi universities as they transition toward smart and sustainable institutional models aligned with Saudi Vision 2030. Drawing on the resource-based view, stakeholder theory, and triple bottom line framework, this study conceptualizes corporate social responsibility as a mediating mechanism that translates sustainability-oriented human resource practices into long-term economic, social, and environmental outcomes. A quantitative cross-sectional research design was employed using a structured survey administered to academic and administrative staff involved in human resource management and sustainability initiatives at Saudi universities, with empirical data collected from King Khalid University. The proposed conceptual model was analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling. The results reveal that strategic green human resource management significantly influences both corporate social responsibility and sustainable performance, while corporate social responsibility partially mediates the relationship between strategic green human resource management and sustainability outcomes. These findings highlight the strategic role of sustainability-oriented human resource practices in embedding environmental awareness, ethical values, and social accountability within university governance systems. This study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on the integration of strategic green human resource management and corporate social responsibility as complementary mechanisms for enhancing sustainable performance in higher education institutions. Practically, the findings offer strategic insights for university leaders and policymakers seeking to develop intelligent, resilient, and socially responsible universities capable of generating sustainable value for diverse stakeholders.