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《山海经》神权空间认知新范式——第21篇:《中山经》中次七经祭礼僭越、祭祀资源垄断与三星堆东部高等级遗存互证研究

Authors: Chen, Shuang;

《山海经》神权空间认知新范式——第21篇:《中山经》中次七经祭礼僭越、祭祀资源垄断与三星堆东部高等级遗存互证研究

Abstract

本文是《山海经》神权空间认知新范式系列研究的第21篇。在《中山经》十二山系地理实证与“世俗居中、神权居边”的空间框架下,本文严格排除中次九经(西部神权边缘)与中次十一经(腹心世俗核心)的层级干扰,以文本原典、先秦字词本义与全经祭礼统计为唯一依据,对《中山经·中次七经》展开微观实证与结构性解读。 研究发现:中次七经地处成都平原东部边缘山系(龙泉山南段),在祭祀仪轨上呈现出全经独有的“毛用一鸡,祈而不瘗”规制,为《中山经》世俗空间范围内唯一不施行瘗埋祭仪的山系,突破属地山神的通用礼制约束;在资源分布上,该山系集中拥有桑、漆、美枣、金玉等构成上古祭祀体系的核心物资,形成边缘山系垄断祭祀命脉的反常格局。 结合2024—2026年三星堆遗址东部区域官方考古最新成果,燕家院子、真武宫片区已确认存在高等级祭祀土台、专用神权建筑基址、全遗址规模最大的玉石礼器作坊群,并扼守三星堆古城东向水门与交通孔道。本文实现了文本记载、地理区位、考古遗存的三重闭合互证,首次揭示出成都平原上古神权体系中东部边缘势力突破层级约束、僭越神权权限、垄断核心祭祀资源的结构性特征。该结论为当前《山海经》研究与巴蜀史前文明考古领域所未发,填补了文献考据与田野考古互证的关键空白。本系列总纲及全部实证研究已同步发布。 This paper is No. 21 in the series The Classic of Mountains and Seas: A New Paradigm of Theocratic Spatial Cognition. Within the established geographical framework of the twelve mountain systems of the Central Mountains Classic and the spatial logic of “secular core at the center, theocratic regions on the periphery,” this study rigorously excludes the hierarchical influences of the Ninth Sequence (western theocratic margin) and the Eleventh Sequence (central secular core). It conducts a micro‑empirical and structural analysis of the Seventh Sequence of the Central Mountains Classic based solely on the original text, pre‑Qin philology, and a comprehensive statistical survey of all ritual practices recorded in the Central Mountains Classic. The research reveals that the Seventh Sequence, located in the eastern marginal mountains of the Chengdu Plain (the southern Longquan Mountains), exhibits a unique ritual prescription: “use one chicken as offering, pray without burying.” This is the only instance within the secular domain of the Central Mountains Classic where burial ritual is omitted, breaking the general ritual constraints for territorial mountain deities. Furthermore, this mountain sequence concentrates the core materials of ancient sacrificial systems—mulberry, lacquer, fine jujubes, gold and jade—creating an anomalous pattern where a marginal mountain chain monopolized the resources essential for theocratic ritual. This textual anomaly is fully corroborated by the latest official archaeological findings from 2024–2026 in the eastern sector of the Sanxingdui site (Yanjia Yuanzi and Zhenwugong areas). Excavations have confirmed high‑level sacrificial earthen platforms, specialized theocratic architectural foundations, the largest jade and stone ritual object workshop complex at the site, and control over the eastern water gate and transportation corridor of the ancient city. This establishes a rigid three‑fold mutual verification among textual records, geographical location, and archaeological remains. For the first time, this study identifies the structural phenomenon in the ancient Shu theocratic system of the Chengdu Plain: a power based in the eastern periphery transcended hierarchical constraints, usurped theocratic authority, and monopolized core sacrificial resources. This conclusion addresses a critical gap in both The Classic of Mountains and Seas scholarship and the archaeology of prehistoric Bashu civilization, representing an unprecedented discovery. The general outline of this series and all 25 empirical studies have been published concurrently.

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