This dataset integrates continuous high-frequency Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) ambient noise data, an inverted 2D shear-wave velocity ($V_s$) structural profile, and independent geodetic/topographic auxiliary products. The data were collected in the Hoh Xil region of the central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The primary scientific objective of this study is to characterize subsurface rigidity anomalies associated with mountain permafrost distribution and evaluate its ongoing degradation. By cross-validating depth-dependent $V_s$ structures with multi-year active surface deformation patterns (InSAR), this dataset provides an independent, high-resolution geodetic and geophysical context to investigate permafrost thaws, and their underlying degradation mechanisms.