This review article is about the process of osseointegration and the evolution of dental implant materials. This helps in improving the practical skills and different treatment options in clinical practice. It mainly focuses on the mechanism of osseointegration with its improved techniques and the evolution of implant materials from basic material to other materials which are more biologically stable. One of the most basic material used for implant prosthesis is the titanium based material due to its superior biological and mechanical properties. A successful implant treatment has become a permanent solution for patients with one or more missing natural teeth as it builds up their confidence and oral health. Hence, osseointegration and the type of implant material used plays a major role for the success rate. This review also discusses about different types of materials based on their properties and finally the future aspects of the improved techniques and materials used for implant prosthesis.