Abstract The Tonlé Sap floodplain in Cambodia is one of the most productive freshwater ecosystems in the world and supports millions of people who rely on fisheries, agriculture, and natural resources. However, climate change is increasingly affecting the hydrological regime, flood patterns, and ecological balance of the Tonlé Sap system. These changes threaten fisheries productivity, agricultural livelihoods, and food security for local communities. This review synthesizes existing literature on climate change impacts and the adaptation strategies adopted by communities living in the Tonlé Sap floodplain. The review focuses on livelihood diversification, community-based resource management, ecosystem restoration, agricultural adaptation, and policy initiatives that aim to strengthen resilience to climate variability and environmental change. Keywords: Tonlé Sap floodplain; Climate change; Adaptation strategies; Rural livelihoods; Flood pulse; Ecosystem resilience; Cambodia.