The Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), founded by Kanshi Ram in 1984, initiated a “democratic revolution” in Indian politics by becoming the voice of Dalits and other underprivileged groups. In 2007, under the leadership of Mayawati, the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) won 206 seats and formed a government with a full majority, by its ‘social engineering’ strategy (Sarvajan—a Dalit-Brahmin alliance). However, since then, the party’s popularity and support base have steadily declined, despite its status as a national party. The BSP is not merely a political party, but a socio-political movement that has aimed to bring the ideals of Babasaheb Ambedkar and Kanshi Ram to the center of power. Many scholars have argued that its national-level decline is particularly serious because it directly affects India’s democratic framework and the representation of marginalized communities. Not only this, the decline of the BSP is not merely the defeat of a single party, but the weakening of the independent Dalit politics that had shifted the axis of Indian politics in the 1990s. Therefore, it becomes more important to study this matter. This study aims to analyze the factors that have marginalized the BSP from mainstream power in Uttar Pradesh. This study argues that BSP is still in the process of reviving itself and cannot be considered to be in decline.