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Other literature type . 2026
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Research . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Research . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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The Impossibility of Preventing MEV at the Protocol Layer

Authors: Bandara, Herath Mudiyanselage Nelanga Dilum; Wang, Qin; Staples, Mark; Chen, Shiping;

The Impossibility of Preventing MEV at the Protocol Layer

Abstract

Maximal Extractable Value (MEV) represents the profit obtainable through transaction ordering manipulation by third parties known as MEV searchers, constituting a significant challenge in blockchains. While numerous techniques have been proposed to mitigate MEV extraction, their effectiveness and practicality remain elusive. In this paper, we address a fundamental question: Is it theoretically impossible to prevent MEV extraction at the protocol layer? We prove that this is indeed the case, making minimal assumptions about the underlying network and consensus protocol, and making no assumptions about MEV mitigation technique. This yields a more general impossibility result than prior work, as it applies broadly across blockchains without assuming specific MEV mitigation techniques, consensus protocols, application semantics, or adversarial thresholds. In light of this impossibility result, we propose shifting from prevention-focused approaches to risk-based deterrents that increase costs and uncertainty for MEV searchers. Finally, we discuss which solution approaches and combinations are likely to be effective and identify areas requiring further research.

Keywords

MEV, Blockchain, BFT, AMM, Maximal Extractable Value

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average