This dataset supports the study on the estimation and attribution of irrigation water- and energy-saving potential. It contains data and code used for analysis and visualization in Figure 1 to 4 of the associated manuscript. For more details, please contact: yangxuening21@mails.ucas.ac.cn 1.Data F1/-Figure 1 data F1a_current_yield.csv: The toal staple crop yield under current irrigation across the seven major river basins. F1a_yield_change.csv: The change in total staple crop yield when emplying optimized irrigation across the seven major river basins. F1b_iwsp_wa.csv: The potential for irrigation water-saving potential and its proportion to the total water availability (WA) of each river basin. F1c_energy_benefits.csv: The irrigation energy-saving potential and consequent economic benefits across the river basins. F2/-Figure 2 data F2a-g/txtfiles: The gridded irrigation water-saving potential intensity across seven major river basins and three staple crops. F2h_iwsp_intensity_regional_mean.csv: The basin's average water-saving potential aggregated from all grids. basin_shp/shpfiles: The boundaries of seven major river basins. China_boundaries: National boundary. F3/-Figure 3 data F3_energy_benefits_irrarea.csv: The irrigation energy-saving potential and irrigated area across seven major river basins. F4/-Figure 4 data F4a_iwsp_contribution_results.csv: Contribution of driving factors to trends in irrigation water-saving potential. F4b_iesp_contribution_results.csv: Contribution of driving factors to trends in irrigation energy-saving potential. 2. Code for Figures 1-4 F1a: Fig1a.py F1b: Fig1b.py F1c: Fig1c.py F2a-g: Fig2a-g.py F2h: Fig2h.py F3: Fig3.py F4a: Fig4a.py F4b: Fig4b.py 3. Figures Figures/-Raw output of figures.