
An environmentally benign and efficient Banana Perchloric Acid (BPA)-catalyzed Hantzsch multicomponent reaction has been developed for the synthesis of 1,4- dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate derivatives. The protocol involves a one-pot condensation of aldehydes, β-keto esters, and ammonium acetate in a green water–ethanol solvent system under reflux conditions. BPA, a biodegradable and recyclable Brønsted acid catalyst, efficiently promotes the transformation, affording the desired products in excellent yields within short reaction times and with high atom economy. The methodology avoids hazardous mineral acids and toxic organic solvents, thereby aligning with the principles of green chemistry. The catalyst can be recovered and reused multiple times without significant loss of activity. The synthesized derivatives were characterized by standard spectroscopic techniques, including FT-IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and mass spectrometry. This protocol provides a sustainable, operationally simple, and environmentally compatible approach for the synthesis of pharmacologically important dihydropyridine frameworks.
