This brief provides a summary of the projects' findings on Modelling Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Loss Scenarios, awarded by the Swiss Re Foundation, AXA Foundation for Human Progress, WWF, and EY [1]. It elaborates how land-use change, climate change, and social vulnerability influence biodiversity and ecosystem services (BES) and community resilience across global, regional, and local contexts. The brief highlights results starting from the global modelling of mountain, island, and delta ecosystems (by University of Zurich), to a continental view on agricultural landscapes across Europe (by VU Amsterdam), to case studies on the role of nature-based solutions for climate adaptation for the state of Rio de Janeiro (by IIS Brazil), forest and watershed ecosystems risk assessments and modelling for Belize (by UB ERI Belize), and on future-oriented conservation planning for Peru (project NASCENT by ETH Zurich). The results show that: Intense land use changes or fragmentation of natural habitats - like expansion of agriculture or of urban areas, especially in tropical areas - often leads to a decline of biodiversity. Nature-based solutions – like wetland or forest restoration – can reduce risks from flood or coastal hazards, for example. Local communities face increasing climate risks. Community knowledge with scenario modelling can support water and land management. Conservation and regional planning must become more forward looking, because global warming alters the conditions for and needs of current habitats. [1] As a service provider to Swiss Re Foundation