The paper aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the interrelation between corporate governance practices and organizational financial performance, based on the integration of recent empirical findings from various geographical settings. By examining the various corporate governance practices, such as board structures, ownership patterns, audit committee effectiveness, and new ESG practices, the research aims to understand the impact of these factors on organizational value, profitability, and market efficiency. The research proposes an Integrated Corporate Governance-Performance Framework (ICGPF) that identifies the various effects of corporate governance practices on organizational performance as direct effects (mechanisms on financial performance), indirect effects (financial distress or information asymmetry), and contextual effects (institutional settings and organizational characteristics). The research findings indicate that managerial ownership and audit committee effectiveness have positive effects on organizational value, while board gender diversity and board size show positive associations with organizational financial performance in emerging economies. However, the findings indicate that independent commissioners may have negative effects in certain settings, while CEO tenure shows negative associations with ROA, indicating the possibility of managerial entrenchment. Furthermore, the results obtained by the meta-analytical method based on the analysis of global research suggest that with a high level of ESG disclosure and performance, the intrinsic firm value increases. However, this effect is more prominent for advanced countries. The comparative evaluation based on six analytical dimensions, such as ownership structure, board composition, audit mechanisms, ESG integration, contextual factors, and financial distress mediation, indicates that the effectiveness of the firm\\\'s governance depends on the quality of the institutions.