Table 5. Biochemical adaptations to stress in millets.CropBiochemical parametersPlants adaptation mechanismReferencesFinger millet and barnyard milletMDA, proline, CAT, phenol and flavonoidsA significant increase in MDA, proline, CAT, phenol and flavonoids activity during stress condition in both the millets crop[24]Finger millet and barnyard milletProtein, carbohydrates and amylaseSignificant reduction in protein, carbohydrate and amylase content[25]Finger milletProline, MDA, electrolyte leakage, Hydrogen peroxide and antioxidant activities.Significant accumulation of proline, MDA, electrolyte leakage, Hydrogen peroxide and increased antioxidant activities.[16]Finger milletProline, glycine betaine and TSS and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT,APX, GPX)Accumulation of Proline, glycine betaine and TSS and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, APX, GPX) increased under stress.[34]Foxtail milletTSS, proline, ABA and JA phytohormonesSignificant increase in TSS,TSS, proline, ABA and JA phytohormones[35]Pearl MilletProline, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX) activitiesAccumulation of Proline, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPOX) activities increased[36]Pearl MilletABA and water potentialAccumulated, higher ABA content while water potential decreased in stress condition[37]Pearl milletFlavonoids, lignin, terpenoidsA higher accumulation of flavonoids, lignin and terpenoids under water stress condition[38]