The financial architecture of the Republic of Uzbekistan is currently undergoing a structural metamorphosis, transitioning from a historically isolated and state-centric model to a modernized, digitally-enabled market economy. Digital transformation is a fundamental reconfiguration of institutional logics, operational mechanisms, and customer interaction models, altering cost dynamics and shifting risk frontiers. This comprehensive paper investigates the profound impact of digitalization on the financial performance, operational efficiency, and systemic stability of commercial banks in Uzbekistan against the backdrop of the "Digital Uzbekistan 2030" strategy. Drawing on an extensive dataset of the banking sector from 2015 to 2024, the study constructs a Digital Transformation Index to empirically evaluate multidimensional relationships with banking profitability (ROA, ROE), cost efficiency (Cost-to-Income Ratio), and insolvency risk (Z-score). The empirical findings robustly indicate that higher digital intensity significantly improves operational efficiency and return on assets, particularly among agile private banks and fintech-integrated ecosystems like Uzum and TBC Bank. Conversely, state-owned commercial banks, while undergoing restructuring, demonstrate lagging efficiency due to the legacy of directed lending to state-owned enterprises. The study highlights that while digitalization is a powerful catalyst for scale economies and financial inclusion, it simultaneously exacerbates operational vulnerabilities and cyber risks. Policy implications focus critically on the necessity of proactive macroprudential regulation, the enforcement of open banking interoperability, and the acceleration of the privatization of state-owned banks.