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GEO Brand Citation Index: Monthly Brand Visibility Tracking Across AI Systems

Authors: Ferreira, Artur;

GEO Brand Citation Index: Monthly Brand Visibility Tracking Across AI Systems

Abstract

The GEO Brand Citation Index is a monthly open research dataset tracking how frequently brands are cited by major AI systems — ChatGPT, Perplexity, and Gemini — in response to common tool evaluation queries. This release covers March 2026 and includes 41 brand-level observations across three verticals: SEO & Marketing, CRM & Sales, and AI & LLM Tools. Methodology: Each brand is queried across standardised prompts on ChatGPT (GPT-4), Perplexity AI, and Google Gemini. Citation frequency is normalised to a 0–100 scale relative to the most-cited brand in each vertical per platform. The Delta metric captures the gap between ChatGPT citations (reflecting training data prominence) and Perplexity citations (reflecting live web visibility), surfacing which brands have current web presence versus historical AI memory only. Archetype Classification: Dominant: Cited consistently across all three platforms - AI Memory: High ChatGPT citations, low Perplexity (training data only) - Live Search: High Perplexity citations, lower ChatGPT (current but not deeply embedded in training data) - Consensus GEO: Balanced moderate citations across all platforms - Ghost: Cited historically but near-absent in live AI responses - Unclassified: Insufficient citation volume for archetype assignment Dataset columns: Month, Brand, Vertical, ChatGPT_Citations, Perplexity_Citations, Gemini_Citations, Delta, Archetype Live tool and full methodology: https://thegeolab.net/geo-brand-citation-index/

Keywords

LLM, SEO, ChatGPT, brand monitoring, generative engine optimization, AI visibility, competitive intelligence, Perplexity, GEO, AI search, brand citation, Gemini

  • BIP!
    Impact byBIP!
    selected citations
    These citations are derived from selected sources.
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    0
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average