The uPcycle Framework for National Phosphorus Action Planning provides a practical approach for developing National Phosphorus Action Plans that support sustainable phosphorus management. Phosphorus is essential for plant growth and food production. However, when fertilisers, manure and wastewater are not managed effectively, phosphorus can enter rivers, lakes and coastal waters, leading to eutrophication, ecosystem degradation and loss of vital water services. A sustainable solution lies in developing circular phosphorus systems that use phosphorus more efficiently, minimise losses and recycle unavoidable waste back into agriculture. This high-level document provides a framework to help governments and national authorities develop these plans. It outlines how to structure national planning and coordination and focuses on the key actions needed for sustainable phosphorus use. A complementary Monitoring and Assessment Approach supports implementation by explaining how to measure progress, evaluate results and adapt actions as needed. Together, they provide a structured process for national phosphorus management. The document explains the phosphorus challenge, outlines principles for sustainable phosphorus management and provides practical guidance for action. It helps readers understand how phosphorus moves through catchments and how management strategies can support both agricultural production and healthy ecosystems while minimising pollution. How this document supports your work · Break down complex challenges – provides clear, actionable guidance to help you address phosphorus management challenges in practical steps. · Develop effective strategies – supports the development of approaches to use phosphorus efficiently for food production while preventing it from becoming pollution. · Engage stakeholders – offers approaches informed by input from communities, policymakers and experts to support practical, adaptable solutions. · Apply lessons from global practice – highlights relevant approaches such as the UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 Global Accelerator Framework and Integrated Lake Basin Management. What’s inside Part 1: Background and policy contextOverview of phosphorus pollution, its impacts on lakes and freshwater ecosystems and the key global and national policy frameworks guiding action. Part 2: Principles for integrated phosphorus managementIntroduces the core principles of sustainable and circular phosphorus management, including nutrient circularity, cross-sector integration, systems thinking and long-term stewardship. Part 3: National phosphorus action planning frameworkA step-by-step framework for developing phosphorus action plans centred on the restoration and protection of healthy aquatic ecosystems, ensuring actions support food production while minimising environmental harm. This document was developed through the uPcycle project, funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) in coordination with the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). It is designed to be used alongside the uPcycle Monitoring and Assessment Approach. By following this guidance, lake managers and stakeholders can save time, reduce uncertainty and implement more effective, science-based strategies to restore and protect ecosystems while ensuring phosphorus is used efficiently in food production.