Child screen time has rapidly increased over the past decade due to widespread access to digital devices, online education, and changing lifestyle patterns, raising significant concerns regarding its impact on pediatric mental health outcomes. This article examines the relationship between excessive screen exposure and psychological, behavioral, cognitive, and social development in children, with a particular focus on anxiety, depression, attention deficits, sleep disturbances, and emotional dysregulation. Evidence suggests that prolonged screen use alters neurodevelopmental pathways, disrupts sleep architecture, reduces physical activity, and impairs social interaction, thereby contributing to adverse mental health outcomes. The review also highlights the bidirectional relationship between screen time and mental health, where psychological distress may further increase screen dependency, creating a reinforcing behavioral cycle. Importantly, the article emphasizes the crucial role of pediatric nurses in early identification, prevention, and intervention through structured screening, caregiver education, behavioral counseling, and referral to specialized services. School-based and community-level nursing interventions are also discussed as effective strategies for reducing screen-related risks and promoting healthy digital behaviors. Strengthening nursing-led digital health literacy and integrating routine screen time assessment into pediatric practice are essential for improving child mental health outcomes in the digital era