This study explores the connection between economic self-reliance and cooperative federalism in India by revisiting the economic and governance ideas linked to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and assessing their relevance within the current policy framework of Atmanirbhar Bharat. Using a qualitative and analytical approach based on secondary sources such as academic literature, policy documents, and economic reports, the research shows that administrative integration and cooperative governance laid the groundwork for coordinated economic planning across regions. It finds that domestic production capacity, infrastructure development, and state-level economic involvement are vital for enhancing national economic resilience. Nevertheless, regional disparities, productivity issues, and sectoral import dependence suggest that achieving economic self-reliance is still an ongoing process. The findings emphasise that cooperative federalism is a key mechanism for effective policy implementation and regional growth. The study concludes that improving coordination between central and state governments, along with boosting domestic production and regional economic engagement, is essential for sustainable and inclusive economic development in India.