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ZENODO
Article . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Article . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Article . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Low-cost Smart Home Design and Evaluation for Internet of Things and Supervisory Control Education

Authors: Graff, Matthew; Hsieh, Sheng-Jen; Kerney, William; Kuo, Chia-Ying;

Low-cost Smart Home Design and Evaluation for Internet of Things and Supervisory Control Education

Abstract

The rapid evolution of Industry 4.0 and the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has created a significant demand for engineers and technicians skilled in embedded networking, system integration, and supervisory control. However, academic institutions often struggle to provide hands-on training in these areas due to the prohibitive cost and proprietary nature of commercial industrial training rigs. This paper presents the design and evaluation of a low-cost educational platform that utilizes a smart home context to demonstrate fundamental industrial SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) concepts. By leveraging commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components—including ESP32 microcontrollers and Raspberry Pi servers arranged in an MQTT-centric architecture—the proposed framework bridges the gap between simple sensor-to-cloud prototyping and complex industrial automation. The study details the system design, which supports essential industrial functions such as alarm management, set-point control, and historical data trending via a standard publish–subscribe protocol. It embeds this platform in a structured laboratory sequence. Financial analysis demonstrates that the platform can be constructed for approximately $185 per station, representing a cost reduction of nearly 80% compared to entry-level commercial trainers. Entry-exit survey data from students indicate measurable gains in SCADA/IIoT knowledge, tool familiarity, and career interest, suggesting that this architecture offers a technically feasible, scalable, and pedagogically effective solution for engineering and technician programs seeking to deploy rigorous IIoT laboratory experiences to larger student cohorts without relying on restrictive vendor licenses.

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Keywords

MQTT protocol, Industry 4.0 education, low-cost educational platforms, industrial internet of things (IIOT), SCADA systems, engineering laboratory design, smart home automation

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average