%mentalVersion 3.1 December 2024% See section 11 of the User Manual for version history%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%% Please do not use \input{...} to include other tex files. %%%% Submit your LaTeX manuscript as one .tex document. %%%% %%%% All additional figures and files should be attached %%%% separately and not embedded in the \TeX\ document itself. %%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%\documentclass[referee,sn-basic]{sn-jnl}% referee option is meant for double line spacing %%=======================================================%%%% to print line numbers in the margin use lineno option %%%%=======================================================%% %%\documentclass[lineno,pdflatex,sn-basic]{sn-jnl}% Basic Springer Nature Reference Style/Chemistry Reference Style %%=========================================================================================%%%% the documentclass is set to pdflatex as default. You can delete it if not appropriate. %%%%=========================================================================================%% %%\documentclass[sn-basic]{sn-jnl}% Basic Springer Nature Reference Style/Chemistry Reference Style %%Note: the following reference styles support Namedate and Numbered referencing. By default the style follows the most common style. To switch between the options you can add or remove "Numbered" in the optional parenthesis. %%The option is available for: sn-basic.bst, sn-chicago.bst% %%\documentclass[pdflatex,sn-nature]{sn-jnl}% Style for submissions to Nature Portfolio journals%%\documentclass[pdflatex,sn-basic]{sn-jnl}% Basic Springer Nature Reference Style/Chemistry Reference Style\documentclass[pdflatex,sn-mathphys-num]{sn-jnl}% Math and Physical Sciences Numbered Reference Style%%\documentclass[pdflatex,sn-mathphys-ay]{sn-jnl}% Math and Physical Sciences Author Year Reference Style%%\documentclass[pdflatex,sn-aps]{sn-jnl}% American Physical Society (APS) Reference Style%%\documentclass[pdflatex,sn-vancouver-num]{sn-jnl}% Vancouver Numbered Reference Style%%\documentclass[pdflatex,sn-vancouver-ay]{sn-jnl}% Vancouver Author Year Reference Style%%\documentclass[pdflatex,sn-apa]{sn-jnl}% APA Reference Style%%\documentclass[pdflatex,sn-chicago]{sn-jnl}% Chicago-based Humanities Reference Style %%%% Standard Packages%% \usepackage{graphicx}%\usepackage{multirow}%\usepackage{amsmath,amssymb,amsfonts}%\usepackage{amsthm}%\usepackage{mathrsfs}%\usepackage[title]{appendix}%\usepackage{xcolor}%\usepackage{textcomp}%\usepackage{manyfoot}%\usepackage{booktabs}%\usepackage{algorithm}%\usepackage{algorithmicx}%\usepackage{algpseudocode}%\usepackage{listings}%%%%% %%%%%=============================================================================%%%%%%%% Remarks: This template is provided to aid authors with the preparation%%%% of original research articles intended for submission to journals published %%%% by Springer Nature. The guidance has been prepared in partnership with %%%% production teams to conform to Springer Nature technical requirements. %%%% Editorial and presentation requirements differ among journal portfolios and %%%% research disciplines. You may find sections in this template are irrelevant %%%% to your work and are empowered to omit any such section if allowed by the %%%% journal you intend to submit to. The submission guidelines and policies %%%% of the journal take precedence. A detailed User Manual is available in the %%%% template package for technical guidance.%%%%%=============================================================================%%%% %% as per the requirement new theorem styles can be included as shown below\theoremstyle{thmstyleone}%\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}% meant for continuous numbers%%\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[section]% meant for sectionwise numbers%% optional argument [theorem] produces theorem numbering sequence instead of independent numbers for Proposition\newtheorem{proposition}[theorem]{Proposition}% %%\newtheorem{proposition}{Proposition}% to get separate numbers for theorem and proposition etc. \theoremstyle{thmstyletwo}%\newtheorem{example}{Example}%\newtheorem{remark}{Remark}% \theoremstyle{thmstylethree}%\newtheorem{definition}{Definition}% \raggedbottom%%\unnumbered% uncomment this for unnumbered level heads \begin{document} \title{“Coin-Shaped Personal Safety and Location-Tracking Device with Wireless Communication and Emergency Alert System (Dilbag Coin)”} %%=============================================================%%%% GivenName -> \fnm{Joergen W.}%% Particle -> \spfx{van der} -> surname prefix%% FamilyName -> \sur{Ploeg}%% Suffix -> \sfx{IV}%% \author*[1,2]{\fnm{Joergen W.} \spfx{van der} \sur{Ploeg} %% \sfx{IV}}\email{iauthor@gmail.com}%%=============================================================%% \author*[1,2]{\fnm{Sardar Dilbag} \sur{Singh Khalsa}}\email{sdskdilbag1994@gmail.com}\email{dr.dilbagsinghkhalsa@gmail.com}\email{www.quantuminfopie.com} \affil*[1]{\orgdiv{Department of Physics, School of Basic Science }, \orgname{Indian Institute of Technology}, \orgaddress{\street{Bhubaneswar}, \city{Khordha}, \postcode{752050}, \state{Odisha}, \country{India}}} \affil[2]{\orgdiv{School of Basic Science}, \orgname{Indian Institute of Technology}, \orgaddress{\street{Mandi}, \city{}, \postcode{175075}, \state{Himachal Pradesh}, \country{India}}} \affil[3]{\orgdiv{Department of Physics}, \orgname{University of Delhi( Ramjas College)} \orgaddress{\street{} \city{} \postcode{110007} \state{Delhi} \country{India}}} %%==================================%%%% Sample for unstructured abstract %%%%==================================%% \abstract{\begin{Data} \section*{Field of the Invention} \section{Field of the Invention} \section*{Field of the Invention} The present invention relates generally to the fields of wearable electronics, personal safety systems, wireless communication devices, and location-enabled smart objects. More particularly, the invention relates to a compact coin-shaped electronic device, referred to herein as the \textit{Dilbag coin}, incorporating short-range wireless communication, location-detection capability, emergency signaling functions, and embedded electronic circuitry for personal safety, monitoring, and alert transmission. In one aspect, the invention pertains to miniaturized portable devices configured to be carried on or near a person, including within clothing, bags, wallets, accessories, footwear, or other personal articles, while maintaining a discreet form factor resembling a coin or token. In another aspect, the invention relates to integrated safety hardware and software systems capable of communicating with authorized user devices, guardian devices, institutional monitoring systems, and emergency-response interfaces through Bluetooth, mobile networks, satellite-assisted positioning systems, or combinations thereof. The invention further relates to devices and systems for transmitting distress alerts, geolocation data, proximity information, and event-triggered notifications in response to user activation, abnormal motion, separation from a paired device, unauthorized movement, or other predefined safety conditions. More specifically, the invention concerns a compact electronic unit comprising one or more of a wireless transceiver, a positioning module, a controller, a power source, a sensor package, a secure pairing interface, and associated firmware for enabling personal safety functions in a durable, concealed, and portable form. The invention also falls within the field of child safety devices, elder-care assistance devices, personal security accessories, anti-harassment response technologies, and smart connected objects adapted for emergency use. In particular, the invention relates to a personal safety platform capable of selective communication with authorized guardians, caregivers, or emergency services, while supporting low-power operation, compact packaging, and compatibility with mobile applications or remote monitoring systems. The invention additionally concerns structural arrangements and packaging techniques for embedding electronic modules within a metallic or composite coin-like housing, including arrangements for antennas, batteries, circuit boards, sensors, wireless modules, and outer protective layers in a thin-profile assembly. The invention also relates to methods of operating such a device, including pairing, alert generation, position reporting, geofence monitoring, event logging, and remote status communication. Accordingly, the invention lies at the intersection of personal safety technology, embedded systems engineering, wireless communication, location-aware electronics, and portable emergency-response devices. \section*{Claims} \begin{enumerate} \item A compact personal safety device comprising:a coin-shaped housing;an electronic processing unit disposed within the housing;a wireless communication module;a positioning module configured to determine location data; anda power source,wherein the device is configured to transmit location and alert information to one or more authorized receivers. \item The device of claim 1, wherein the housing is dimensioned to resemble a coin. \item The device of claim 2, wherein the wireless communication module comprises a Bluetooth module. \item The device of claim 3, wherein the positioning module comprises a GPS receiver. \item The device of claim 4, wherein the positioning module comprises satellite-based positioning. \item The device of claim 5, wherein the device transmits real-time location data. \item The device of claim 5, wherein the device communicates with a mobile application. \item The device of claim 6, wherein the device transmits alerts to guardians. \item The device of claim 7, wherein the device transmits alerts to emergency services. \item The device of claim 8, wherein the device includes a user-activated emergency trigger. \item The device of claim 9, wherein the emergency trigger comprises a button. \item The device of claim 10, further comprising a motion sensor. \item The device of claim 11, wherein the motion sensor comprises an accelerometer. \item The device of claim 12, further comprising a proximity detection feature. \item The device of claim 13, wherein the device detects unauthorized movement. \item The device of claim 14, wherein the device generates an alert upon separation from a paired device. \item The device of claim 15, wherein the power source comprises a rechargeable battery. \item The device of claim 16, wherein the battery is wirelessly rechargeable. \item The device of claim 17, further comprising a low-power mode. \item The device of claim 18, wherein the device supports over-the-air firmware updates. \item The device of claim 19, further comprising secure pairing functionality. \item The device of claim 20, wherein pairing is restricted to authorized users. \item The device of claim 21, wherein the housing is metallic. \item The device of claim 22, wherein the housing is waterproof. \item The device of claim 23, wherein the housing is tamper-resistant. \item The device of claim 24, further comprising a vibration alert mechanism. \item The device of claim 25, further comprising an audible alert mechanism. \item The device of claim 26, wherein the device logs event history. \item The device of claim 27, wherein the device stores location history. \item The device of claim 28, wherein the device supports geofencing. \item The device of claim 30, wherein an alert is generated upon geofence violation. \item The device of claim 29, wherein the device is configured for use by minors. \item The device of claim 30, wherein the device is configured for elder safety. \item The device of claim 31, wherein the device is configured for personal security monitoring. \item The device of claim 32, wherein the device communicates with a central monitoring system. \item The device of claim 33, wherein the device communicates with law enforcement systems. \item The device of claim 34, wherein the device encrypts transmitted data. \item The device of claim 35, wherein the device includes authentication mechanisms. \item The device of claim 36, wherein the device operates in multiple communication modes. \item The device of claim 37, wherein the device includes a fallback communication system. \item The device of claim 38, wherein the device is embedded in personal accessories. \item The device of claim 39, wherein the accessories include wallets or clothing. \item The device of claim 40, wherein the device operates continuously. \item The device of claim 41, wherein the device operates intermittently to conserve power. \item The device of claim 42, wherein the device includes a status indicator. \item The device of claim 43, wherein the device includes a microcontroller. \item The device of claim 44, wherein the device includes a printed circuit board. \item The device of claim 45, wherein the device is configured to prevent harassment through emergency signaling. \item The device of claim 46, wherein the device is configured to provide safety monitoring in institutional environments. \item A method of operating a personal safety device comprising:detecting a triggering event;determining location data; andtransmitting the location data and an alert to an authorized recipient. \end{enumerate} \begin{figure}[htbp]\centering\includegraphics[width=\textwidth]{coin.png}\caption{\textbf{Dilbag Coin: Compact Personal Safety Device Architecture.}The figure illustrates a high-resolution exploded and assembled view of the Dilbag coin, a coin-shaped personal safety device integrating multiple electronic subsystems within a compact and durable enclosure. The outer casing is designed as a metallic or composite circular shell providing mechanical protection, environmental resistance, and discreet portability. Internally, the device comprises a multilayer printed circuit board (PCB) hosting a microcontroller unit (MCU), a Bluetooth communication module for short-range connectivity, and a positioning module such as GPS or hybrid satellite-based localization for real-time tracking. A rechargeable micro-battery is embedded to power the system, optionally supporting wireless charging. Additional components include motion sensors (e.g., accelerometer), proximity detection elements, and an emergency trigger interface enabling rapid alert activation. The antenna system is integrated within the housing to ensure reliable wireless transmission while maintaining a compact form factor. The device is configured to communicate with paired mobile devices and remote monitoring systems, transmitting location and emergency signals to authorized users. The structural arrangement emphasizes minimal thickness, tamper resistance, and energy-efficient operation, making the Dilbag coin suitable for continuous personal safety monitoring in everyday environments.}\label{fig:dilbag_coin}\end{figure} \end{document} \end{abstract} } %%================================%%%% Sample for structured abstract %%%%================================%% % \abstract{\textbf{Purpose:} The abstract serves both as a general introduction to the topic and as a brief, non-technical summary of the main results and their implications. The abstract must not include subheadings (unless expressly permitted in the journal's Instructions to Authors), equations or citations. As a guide the abstract should not exceed 200 words. Most journals do not set a hard limit however authors are advised to check the author instructions for the journal they are submitting to.% % \textbf{Methods:} The abstract serves both as a general introduction to the topic and as a brief, non-technical summary of the main results and their implications. The abstract must not include subheadings (unless expressly permitted in the journal's Instructions to Authors), equations or citations. As a guide the abstract should not exceed 200 words. Most journals do not set a hard limit however authors are advised to check the author instructions for the journal they are submitting to.% % \textbf{Results:} The abstract serves both as a general introduction to the topic and as a brief, non-technical summary of the main results and their implications. The abstract must not include subheadings (unless expressly permitted in the journal's Instructions to Authors), equations or citations. As a guide the abstract should not exceed 200 words. Most journals do not set a hard limit however authors are advised to check the author instructions for the journal they are submitting to.% % \textbf{Conclusion:} The abstract serves both as a general introduction to the topic and as a brief, non-technical summary of the main results and their implications. The abstract must not include subheadings (unless expressly permitted in the journal's Instructions to Authors), equations or citations. As a guide the abstract should not exceed 200 words. Most journals do not set a hard limit however authors are advised to check the author instructions for the journal they are submitting to.} %%\pacs[JEL Classification]{D8, H51} %%\pacs[MSC Classification]{35A01, 65L10, 65L12, 65L20, 65L70} \maketitle \end{document}