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ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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A Machine-Verified Zero-Parameter Temperature Scale Near Water's 4°C Density Anomaly: Theorem-Level Transition Scale and Hypothesis-Level Density Offset from the φ-Ladder

Authors: Washburn, Jonathan;

A Machine-Verified Zero-Parameter Temperature Scale Near Water's 4°C Density Anomaly: Theorem-Level Transition Scale and Hypothesis-Level Density Offset from the φ-Ladder

Abstract

Water's density maximum at T_obs = 277.15 K (3.98 °C) is a central open problem in condensed matter physics. We derive, within the Recognition Science (RS) framework, a unique zero-parameter cooperative H-bond transition scale T_c = φ⁻⁵ / (8 k_B ln φ), where φ = (1 + √5)/2 is forced by cost self-similarity, E_coh = φ⁻⁵ is fixed by the Fibonacci constraint on D = 3, and the factor 8 is the forced 8-tick recognition cycle. The theorem-level result, machine-verified in Lean 4, is the interval bound T_c ∈ (267, 275) K, together with the uniqueness statement that the adjacent φ-ladder rungs lie below freezing and above boiling. We then introduce a clearly labeled hypothesis-level finite-width correction T_max = T_c(1 + φ⁻⁸), motivated by the octave width of the crossover, which yields T_max ∈ (272.6, 281) K and contains T_obs. Thus the present paper establishes a theorem-level zero-parameter transition scale near 4 °C and a hypothesis-level mapping from that scale to the density maximum itself. The three dedicated Lean modules introduced for this result compile with zero "sorry" and zero new axioms.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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