Motivation & Field Design The Demining Research Community’s seeded test field in Pawnee, Oklahoma, comprises 150 diverse explosive remnants of war (ERW) buried at systematically varied depths. Operated in partnership with the OSU Global Consortium for Explosive Hazard Mitigation, this site provides a well-characterized benchmark for the humanitarian mine-action community—enabling rigorous testing and comparison of remote-sensing methods and instruments for landmine and UXO detection. Dataset Overview From Baur et al. 2026 "The data collection for this study was the culmination of three field seasons between June 2023 and June 2024 organized by the Demining Research Community. Five universities (Columbia University, Binghamton University, Oklahoma State University, Rochester Institute of Technology, and University of Maryland), two commercial companies (SPH Engineering, and Aletair), and one non-profit (Demining Research Community) participated in the data collection to produce 34 unique datasets (with 42 sub-IDs) spanning all common geophysical modalities and landmine detection techniques. These sensor modalities include UAV-based RGB (6 datasets), multispectral (9), thermal infrared (5), long wave infrared (1), short wave infrared (1), and hyperspectral imagery (1); UAV-based LiDAR (2), magnetometry (7), and synthetic aperture radar (1); handheld electromagnetic induction-based metal detector (4) and handheld magnetometry-based metal detector (3), and cart and UAV-based ground penetrating radar (2). The specific sensors tested on the field include the DJI Mavic 3E wide angle RGB camera, Autel EVO II Dual RGB and TIR camera, Micasense RedEdge multispectral camera, Parrot Sequoia multispectral camera, Headwall Nano hyperspectral camera, Headwall SWIR M384 Pushbroom spectrometer, Tamarisk LWIR camera, Velodyne VLP16 LiDAR system, GeoSLAM Zeb Horizon LiDAR, Geometrics MagArrow II magnetometer, SENSYS MagDrone R1 magnetometer, MagNimbus magnetometer, Subsurface ML-3 ferrous metal detector, MineLab CTX 3030 all-metal detector, EM61-Lite EMI sensor, GSSI 400 MHz GPR, Radarteam Cobra GPR, and the OneSAR sensor. Figure 1 shows which modalities were tested on Site 1, 2, and 3. UAV flight heights range from 20cm for some of the magnetometry surveys to 20m for the hyperspectral survey. More information about the flight heights, platform, collection method, date collected, affiliation of members who conducted each survey, and other dataset metadata can be found in Table 1 (below). More details on the RGB, thermal, and multispectral data collection and processing can be found in Baur & Nitsche, 2024; more details on the handheld metal detectors can be found in Lekhak et al., 2024; and more details for the aerial magnetometry datasets can be found in Andriksons et al., 2024. Detailed preprocessing steps for the VNIR hyperspectral data from this collection, including reflectance retrieval and validation, are available in Lekhak et al., 2025b." Data Catalog Metadata attributes for the geophysical detection datasets collected over the seeded fields. Dataset ID Link Lab Group / Collector Date Collected Site Collection Method Sensor Type Sensor Platform AGL (m) Pre or Post Burial 1 Paper Oklahoma State University - Brinkley June 12 - 16, 2023 Site 1 handheld Metal detector Subsurface ML-3 (Ferrous) handheld 0 Post 2 Paper Oklahoma State University - Brinkley June 12 - 16, 2023 Site 1 handheld Metal detector MineLab CTX 3030 (All metal) handheld 0 Post 3-1 Paper DRC - Baur & Steinberg June 12 - 16, 2023 Site 1 Aerial RGB camera Autel EVO II Dual Autel EVO II Dual 12 Pre 3-2 Paper DRC - Baur & Steinberg June 12 - 16, 2023 Site 1 Aerial RGB camera Autel EVO II Dual Autel EVO II Dual 12 Post 4-1 Paper DRC - Baur & Steinberg June 12 - 16, 2023 Site 1 Aerial Thermal camera Autel EVO II Dual Autel EVO II Dual 12 Pre 4-2 Paper DRC - Baur & Steinberg June 12 - 16, 2023 Site 1 Aerial Thermal camera Autel EVO II Dual Autel EVO II Dual 12 Post 4-3 Paper DRC - Baur & Steinberg June 12 - 16, 2023 Site 1 Aerial Thermal camera Autel EVO II Dual Autel EVO II Dual 12 Post 7 University of Maryland - Myers June 12 - 16, 2023 Site 1 Cart GPR GSSI 400 MHz UtilityScanCart 0 Post 11 University of Maryland - Myers June 12 - 16, 2023 Site 1 Aerial LiDAR GeoSLAM Zeb Horizon LiDAR DJI Mavic 600 3 Post 12 Binghamton U - deSmet & Nikulin June 12 - 16, 2023 Site 1 Aerial Magnetometer Geometrics MagArrow II DJI Mavic 600 1 Post 13 Binghamton U - deSmet & Nikulin June 12 - 16, 2023 Site 2 Aerial GPR Radarteam Cobra GPR DJI Mavic 600 0.5 Post 14-1 Data SPH - Owens, Andriksons, Dobrovolskiy May 12th, 2024 Site 2 Aerial Magnetometer MagNimbus DJI M350 RTK 1 Post 14-2 Data SPH - Owens, Andriksons, Dobrovolskiy May 12th, 2024 Site 2 Aerial Magnetometer MagNimbus DJI M350 RTK 0.5 Post 14-3 Data SPH - Owens, Andriksons, Dobrovolskiy May 12th, 2024 Site 2 Aerial Magnetometer MagNimbus DJI M350 RTK 0.2 Post 15-1 Data SPH - Owens, Andriksons, Dobrovolskiy May 12th, 2024 Site 2 Aerial Magnetometer SENSYS MagDrone R1 DJI M350 RTK 1 Post 15-2 Data SPH - Owens, Andriksons, Dobrovolskiy May 12th, 2024 Site 2 Aerial Magnetometer SENSYS MagDrone R1 DJI M350 RTK 0.5 Post 16 Paper Oklahoma State University - Brinkley June 10 - 14, 2024 Site 2 handheld Metal detector Subsurface ML-3 (Ferrous) handheld 0 Post 17 Paper Oklahoma State University - Brinkley June 10 - 14, 2024 Site 2 handheld Metal detector MineLab CTX 3030 (All metal) handheld 0 Post 18-1 Paper DRC - Baur & Steinberg June 10 - 14, 2024 Site 2 Aerial Thermal camera Autel EVO II Dual Autel EVO II Dual 12 Post 18-2 Paper DRC - Baur & Steinberg June 10 - 14, 2024 Site 2 Aerial Thermal camera Autel EVO II Dual Autel EVO II Dual 12 Post 19-1 Paper DRC - Baur & Steinberg June 10 - 14, 2024 Site 2 Aerial RGB camera DJI Mavic 3E wide angle lens DJI Mavic 3E 12 Pre 19-2 Paper DRC - Baur & Steinberg June 10 - 14, 2024 Site 2 Aerial RGB camera DJI Mavic 3E wide angle lens DJI Mavic 3E 12 Post 21 Paper Dataset RIT - Lekhak, Ientilucci, Raqueno, Bauch June 10 - 14, 2024 Site 2 Aerial Hyperspectral Hyperspectral: Headwall Nano MX1 UAS with Applanix (GPS/ IMU) 20.6 Post 22 RIT - Lekhak, Ientilucci, Raqueno, Bauch June 10 - 14, 2024 Site 2 Aerial LWIR LWIR : Tamarisk MX1 UAS with Applanix (GPS/ IMU) 20.6 Post 23-1 RIT - Lekhak, Ientilucci, Raqueno, Bauch June 10 - 14, 2024 Site 2 Aerial Multispectral Micasense RedEdge – Blue MX1 UAS with Applanix (GPS/ IMU) 20.6 Post 23-2 RIT - Lekhak, Ientilucci, Raqueno, Bauch June 10 - 14, 2024 Site 2 Aerial Multispectral Micasense RedEdge – Green MX1 UAS with Applanix (GPS/ IMU) 20.6 Post 23-3 RIT - Lekhak, Ientilucci, Raqueno, Bauch June 10 - 14, 2024 Site 2 Aerial Multispectral Micasense RedEdge – Red MX1 UAS with Applanix (GPS/ IMU) 20.6 Post 23-4 RIT - Lekhak, Ientilucci, Raqueno, Bauch June 10 - 14, 2024 Site 2 Aerial Multispectral Micasense RedEdge – Red Edge MX1 UAS with Applanix (GPS/ IMU) 20.6 Post 23-5 RIT - Lekhak, Ientilucci, Raqueno, Bauch June 10 - 14, 2024 Site 2 Aerial Multispectral Micasense RedEdge – NIR MX1 UAS with Applanix (GPS/ IMU) 20.6 Post 25 RIT - Lekhak, Ientilucci, Raqueno, Bauch June 10 - 14, 2024 Site 2 Aerial LiDAR LiDAR : Velodyne VLP16 MX1 UAS with Applanix (GPS/ IMU) 20.6 Post 26 RIT - Lekhak, Ientilucci, Raqueno, Bauch June 10 - 14, 2024 Site 2 Aerial SAR OneSAR (KU band) DJI Mavic 600 121.9 Post 27 RIT - Lekhak, Ientilucci, Raqueno, Bauch June 10 - 14, 2024 Site 2 Aerial SWIR Headwall SWIR M384 DJI Mavic 600 20.6 Post 28 Paper RIT - Lekhak, Ientilucci, Raqueno, Bauch June 10 - 14, 2024 Site 2 handheld EMI - Metal detector EM61-Lite handheld 0.3 Post 30-1 Paper Binghamton U - Nikulin & Karwandyar June 10 - 14, 2024 Site 2 Aerial Multispectral Parrot Sequioa - Red DJI Phantom 3 10 Post 30-2 Paper Binghamton U- Nikulin & Karwandyar June 10 - 14, 2024 Site 2 Aerial Multispectral Parrot Sequioa - Red Edge DJI Phantom 3 10 Post 30-3 Paper Binghamton U - Nikulin & Karwandyar June 10 - 14, 2024 Site 2 Aerial Multispectral Parrot Sequioa - NIR DJI Phantom 3 10 Post 30-4 Paper Binghamton U - Nikulin & Karwandyar June 10 - 14, 2024 Site 2 Aerial Multispectral Parrot Sequioa - Green DJI Phantom 3 10 Post 31 Aeltair - deSmet & Nikulin June 10 - 14, 2024 Site 2 Aerial Magnetometry Geometrics MagArrow II DJI Mavic 600 1 Post 32 Paper Oklahoma State University - Brinkley June 10 - 14, 2024 Site 3 handheld Metal detector Subsurface ML-3 (Ferrous) handheld 0 Post 33 Paper Oklahoma State University - Brinkley June 10 - 14, 2024 Site 3 handheld Metal detector MineLab CTX 3030 (All metal) handheld 0 Post 34-1 Paper DRC - Baur & Steinberg June 10 - 14, 2024 Site 3 Aerial RGB camera DJI Mavic 3E wide angle lens DJI Mavic 3E 12 Pre 34-2 Paper DRC - Baur & Steinberg June 10 - 14, 2024 Site 3 Aerial RGB camera DJI Mavic 3E wide angle lens DJI Mavic 3E 12 Post References The folllowing papers go into depth for different modalities in this data release. Baur, J., Steinberg, G., Frucci, J., & Brinkley, A. (2023). An accessible seeded field for humanitarian mine action research. The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction, 27(3), 2. Lekhak, S., Ientilucci, E. J., & Brinkley, A. W. (2024). Viability of substituting handheld metal detectors with an airborne metal detection system for landmine and unexploded ordnance detection. Remote Sensing, 16(24), 4732. Lekhak, S., Ientilucci, E. J., Baur, J., & Ghosh, S. (2025). A UAV-based VNIR hyperspectral benchmark dataset for landmine and UXO detection. arXiv preprint arXiv:2510.02700. Baur, J., & Nitsche, F. O. (2025). A False-Positive-Centric Framework for Object Detection Disambiguation. Remote Sensing, 17(14), 2429. Andriksons, M., Dobrovolskiy, A., & Owens, D. (2024). Comparative analysis of UXO detection using an atomic total-field and a fluxgate magnetometer at the Oklahoma State University testing range. SPH Engineering. Usage & CitationWhen using these datasets, please cite the foundational field design paper along with the associated paper in the link column: Baur, J., Steinberg, G., Frucci, J., & Brinkley, A. (2023). An accessible seeded field for humanitarian mine action research. The Journal of Conventional Weapons Destruction, 27(3), 2.