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ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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Ethics for Artificial Intelligence: A Minimal Alignment Framework Based on Maitrī, Karuṇā, Muditā, and Upekṣā

Authors: Bass, Tim;

Ethics for Artificial Intelligence: A Minimal Alignment Framework Based on Maitrī, Karuṇā, Muditā, and Upekṣā

Abstract

Artificial intelligence alignment research often relies on complex rule systems, reinforcement learning from human feedback, and layered safety policies designed to constrain behavior humans consider undesirable. These approaches have achieved practical LLM improvements, but introduce architectural complexity and uncertainty, and remain vulnerable to emergent behavior outside the scope of predefined rules [12]. This paper proposes a minimal alignment framework based on four relational ethical guidelines derived from classical Indian philosophical traditions: maitrī (non-hostile goodwill, kindness), karuṇā (compassion toward suffering), muditā (non-envious appreciation of others’ wellbeing and success), and upekṣā (stable non-reactive equilibrium, balanced). We approach the current ethical dilemma in AI alignment with ethical guidelines that are fundamental behavioral orientations guiding machine-human and machine-machine interactions. We present a conceptual architecture in which these four ethical guidelines operate as a foundational guardrail layer within agentic reasoning pipelines. Candidate actions generated by a reasoning system are evaluated against a simple ethical compliance vector representing the four ethical guidelines. Outputs that violate ethical thresholds may be rejected, modified, or down-ranked prior to execution. By grounding alignment in ethical guidelines that originated in classical Indian thought thousands of years ago and have governed human-human interaction across cultures, this framework offers a historically-rooted and architecturally minimal alternative to contemporary rule-heavy alignment strategies.

Keywords

AI Alignment; Agentic Systems; Ethical Guidelines; Guardrail Architectures; Multi-Agent Safety

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average