Orthognathic surgery is a multidisciplinary surgical approach designed to correct complex skeletal and dental malformations of the jaw. It combines orthodontic treatment with maxillofacial surgery to realign the jaws, improve facial aesthetics, enhance oral function, and address psychosocial concerns. This theoretical framework examines essential aspects of orthognathic surgery, including psychosocial assessments, cephalometric prediction, treatment planning, distraction osteogenesis, and post-operative orthodontic management. By considering the patient’s emotional well-being alongside surgical precision and orthodontic alignment, orthognathic treatment aims to achieve a balance between functionality and appearance. The inclusion of technological tools, such as 3D surgical simulations and cephalometric analyses, has significantly improved diagnostic accuracy and outcome predictability. This text outlines the critical processes and theoretical principles that inform orthognathic surgical interventions from start to finish, with emphasis on individualized patient care, interdisciplinary collaboration, and post-surgical stability.