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Other literature type . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Other literature type . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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The Breathing Universe: 208 Horizon-Scale Regulation of Vacuum Energy

Zero-Line Balance, Planck-Scale Coherence and the Cosmological Vacuum Residual
Authors: Cerfontaine, Ivo Gerlach Angela Noel;

The Breathing Universe: 208 Horizon-Scale Regulation of Vacuum Energy

Abstract

The cosmological constant problem remains one of the most significant unresolved issues in modern theoretical physics. Quantum field theory predicts vacuum energy densities that exceed the observed cosmological constant by roughly 122 orders of magnitude, yet no universally accepted mechanism explaining this discrepancy has emerged. This paper proposes a structural interpretation of the cosmological constant within the Breathing Universe Model (BUM), where the vacuum is treated as a structured dynamical medium governed by tension balance. Central to the framework is the zero-line equilibrium, defined as the cancellation between complementary expansive and contractive vacuum tendencies. The analysis argues that exact cancellation of vacuum contributions can occur only within finite coherence domains. Two natural limits therefore arise: a minimal coherence scale associated with Planck-scale vacuum structure and a maximal coherence scale determined by the cosmological horizon. Because the vacuum cannot maintain perfect balance across the entire universe simultaneously, a small residual imbalance remains. This residual vacuum tension produces an effective cosmological curvature that scales inversely with the square of the horizon radius. Expressed in Planck units, the resulting relation naturally reproduces the observed hierarchy between Planck-scale vacuum energy and the measured cosmological constant. Within this interpretation, the cosmological constant does not represent a fundamental microscopic vacuum energy density. Instead, it appears as the horizon-limited remainder of an asymptotic zero-line cancellation process in a structured vacuum medium. The observed value of Λ therefore reflects the enormous hierarchy between the minimal coherence scale of the vacuum and the maximal coherence domain defined by the cosmological horizon. The framework remains compatible with standard ΛCDM cosmology and does not modify the Friedmann equations governing cosmic expansion. Rather, it provides a structural explanation for the small magnitude of the cosmological constant by linking it to horizon-limited vacuum coherence.

Keywords

vacuum energy, coherence domains, vacuum tension, cosmological constant problem, ΛCDM compatibility, cosmological horizons, vacuum structure, dark energy, horizon scale, Planck scale, Breathing Universe Model (BUM), zero-line equilibrium

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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