This article analyzes the age-specific morpho-functional, psychophysiological and social factors of the physical development of 7–8-year-old children based on scientific sources. The importance of this period as a sensitive stage in the process of sports gymnastics and general physical training is substantiated. The specific features of children's nervous system plasticity, development of the musculoskeletal system, functional state of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems are highlighted. The influence of individual biological differences, psychological preparation, family and social environment factors on sports results is also considered. The article presents scientific conclusions on the need for integrated development of coordination and flexibility skills, individualization of the training process and the use of a comprehensive approach.