Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao ZENODOarrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
ZENODO
Other literature type . 2026
Data sources: ZENODO
ZENODO
Other literature type . 2026
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Other literature type . 2026
Data sources: Datacite
versions View all 2 versions
addClaim

Functional Metrology of Complex Digital Systems

Métrologie Fonctionnelle des Systèmes Numériques Complexes
Authors: DESVAUX, G. J. Y.;

Functional Metrology of Complex Digital Systems

Abstract

Structured Abstract Context: Modern microprocessors, characterized by their transistor density (>100M/mm²) and interconnection complexity, exhibit non-trivial collective behaviors that escape discrete logic gate models. Problem: The absence of in vivo characterization tools for emerging dynamic properties limits our ability to predict long-term reliability and fully exploit hardware capabilities. Contribution: We develop a rigorous methodology to excite and measure metastable collective modes in L3 cache networks, revealing unique hardware signatures with stability of 98.2 ± 0.8% after thermal and software artifact compensation. Implications: This approach opens the way to a new class of hardware diagnostic tools, enabling early aging detection and certified physical entropy extraction compliant with NIST SP800-90B standards. Metrology Complex Systems L3 Cache Predictive Reliability Early Detection Physical Entropy 1. Introduction: The Hybrid Nature of Digital Systems Contemporary processors operate at the frontier of multiple physical regimes, creating a fundamental hybridity that makes purely digital models insufficient for characterizing emerging properties. 1.1 Multiple Physical Regimes Definition 1: Quantum Regime At short transistor channel levels (95% stability over 30-day periods, after thermal and software compensation. Experimental Protocol: Select 50 CPUs from each architecture (RaptorLake, Zen4) Establish reference signature day 0 Measure daily for 30 days Calculate coefficient of variation CV = σ/μ H2: Early Aging Detection Testing Statement: The relaxation exponent α increases significantly (Δα > 0.05) before functional failures appear. H3: Inter-CPU Reproducibility Testing Statement: CPUs of the same architecture exhibit correlated signatures with r > 0.85. H4: NIST Entropy Certification Confirmed Statement: Entropy extracted from hardware signatures satisfies H_min > 3.5 bits. Main Scientific Contributions Reproducible experimental framework with thermal compensation Excitation sequence library optimized per micro-architecture Complete statistical validation pipeline compliant with NIST standards Experimental demonstration of stable hardware signatures (98.2 ± 0.8%) on 300 CPUs NON-DISCLOSURE AGREEMENT Academic Collaboration Disclosing Party Receiving Party Legal Name: Hope 'n Mind SASU Name: Representative: Guillaume Desvaux Title / Position: Role: President-Founder Institution / Affiliation: Registration: RCS Brest, SIREN 938 261 310 Institutional Address: Address: 10 Rue Amiral Vallon, 29200 Brest, France Contact Information: This Non-Disclosure Agreement (the “Agreement”) is effective as of the date of the last signature below. 1. Purpose The Receiving Party is being provided with certain Confidential Information solely for the following purpose: Permitted Purpose: Any use of the Confidential Information outside the Permitted Purpose is strictly prohibited unless the Disclosing Party gives prior written consent. 2. Confidential Information “Confidential Information” means any non-public information disclosed by the Disclosing Party to the Receiving Party, whether in oral, written, electronic, visual, or any other form, including but not limited to: data, materials, know-how, trade secrets, source code, technical specifications, research results, business plans, financial data, client lists, and proprietary methods; information marked as confidential; oral disclosures identified as confidential at the time of disclosure and confirmed in writing within five business days. Confidential Information does not include information that: becomes publicly available through no breach of this Agreement; was already lawfully known to the Receiving Party before disclosure, as shown by written records; is independently developed without reference to the Confidential Information; is lawfully received from a third party without restriction. 3. Receiving Party Obligations The Receiving Party shall: keep all Confidential Information strictly confidential; not disclose it to any third party without prior written consent; use it only for the Permitted Purpose; protect it with at least the same degree of care used for its own confidential information, and never less than reasonable care; restrict access to personnel who need to know for the Permitted Purpose; apply appropriate physical and digital security measures, including passwords and encryption where appropriate; require any employee, contractor, or affiliate with access to be bound by confidentiality obligations at least as protective as this Agreement. 4. Prohibited Conduct The Receiving Party shall not: decompile, disassemble, or reverse engineer any source code, algorithm, product, or process; attempt to derive underlying ideas, structure, composition, or technical principles; use the Confidential Information to compete with, bypass, or unfairly benefit from the Disclosing Party; disclose the Confidential Information to any person who is not authorized under this Agreement. 5. Legal Disclosure If disclosure is required by law, court order, or competent governmental authority, the Receiving Party may disclose only the minimum required information, provided that it notifies the Disclosing Party within 48 hours, unless prohibited by law. 6. Breach Notification The Receiving Party shall notify the Disclosing Party immediately, and in any event within 48 hours, after becoming aware of any unauthorized use, access, or disclosure of the Confidential Information, and shall cooperate fully in any remedial action or legal proceeding. 7. Term The confidentiality obligations under this Agreement shall continue for five years from the Effective Date. If any Confidential Information qualifies as a trade secret under applicable law, protection shall continue for as long as that information remains a trade secret. 8. Return or Destruction Upon written request by the Disclosing Party, or immediately upon termination of the Permitted Purpose, the Receiving Party shall: return all materials containing Confidential Information; destroy all copies, notes, extracts, and derivative materials; certify in writing within thirty days that the destruction has been completed, except for one retained legal archive copy if required by law. 9. No License No license or other rights are granted under this Agreement, except the limited right to use the Confidential Information for the Permitted Purpose. All intellectual property rights remain the exclusive property of the Disclosing Party. 10. Remedies The Receiving Party acknowledges that any breach may cause irreparable harm. The Disclosing Party shall be entitled to seek: injunctive relief; monetary damages; consequential losses, where permitted by law; recovery of legal costs and attorney fees, where permitted by law; any other remedy available under applicable law. 11. Academic Collaboration The Receiving Party may publish independent research results only if such publication does not disclose Confidential Information. Before publication, the Receiving Party shall provide the Disclosing Party with a 60-day review period to identify sensitive information or potential patent issues. If applicable, published results shall acknowledge the Disclosing Party’s contribution, subject to the Disclosing Party’s prior written approval of any wording that refers to its Confidential Information. 12. Multi-Party Work If this collaboration involves more than two parties, each party shall ensure that any person or entity under its control who receives Confidential Information is bound by obligations consistent with this Agreement. Each party remains fully responsible for compliance by its employees, contractors, and affiliates. 13. Data Protection If Confidential Information includes personal data, the Receiving Party shall comply with the GDPR and any other applicable data protection laws, and shall execute any required data processing documentation. 14. Governing Law and Jurisdiction This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with French law. Any dispute arising out of or in connection with this Agreement shall be subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Commercial Court of Brest, France. For international disputes, the parties may mutually agree in writing to ICC arbitration. 15. Miscellaneous This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties regarding its subject matter. Any amendment must be in writing and signed by both parties. If any provision is held invalid or unenforceable, the remaining provisions shall remain in full force and effect. No waiver shall be valid unless in writing. The existence and terms of this Agreement shall remain confidential, except where disclosure is required by law. Disclosing Party Receiving Party Disclosing Party Receiving Party Hope 'n Mind SASU [Institution / Individual Name] By: Guillaume Desvaux By: Title: President-Founder Title: Date: Date: Signature: Signature: Acknowledgment Both parties confirm that they have read, understood, and agree to this Agreement. Each party acknowledges that it has had the opportunity to seek independent legal advice. Done in duplicate, one copy for each party.

Keywords

Bias Temperature Instability, In‑situ diagnostics, HCI, Accelerated stress testing, Hot Carrier Injection, Electromigration, Arrhenius degradation model, Predictive reliability, Hardware randomness, Relaxation exponent, IRQ masking / CPU isolation, bti, Microarchitecture detection, Metrology, digital system, Side‑channel characterization, Hardware health monitoring, Non‑equilibrium dynamics, Silicon aging, Physical unclonable signatures, Hardware entropy source, Entropy estimation, Thermal compensation, NIST SP800-90B, RDTSCP timing

  • BIP!
    Impact byBIP!
    selected citations
    These citations are derived from selected sources.
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    0
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Upload OA version
Are you the author of this publication? Upload your Open Access version to Zenodo!
It’s fast and easy, just two clicks!