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Matter as Frozen Phase Boundaries: Quark Structure, Fractional Charges, and Color Confinement from Tetrahedral Defects in a K = 12 Vacuum Lattice

Authors: Kulkarni, Raghu;

Matter as Frozen Phase Boundaries: Quark Structure, Fractional Charges, and Color Confinement from Tetrahedral Defects in a K = 12 Vacuum Lattice

Abstract

We propose that baryonic matter consists of frozen remnants of the pre-crystallization vacuum phase, trapped as topological defects within a K = 12 Face-Centered Cubic (FCC) lattice [2]. In the Selection-Stitch Model (SSM), the early universe undergoes a thermodynamic K = 4 →K = 12 phase transition [3]. Incomplete crystalliza- tion leaves isolated K = 4 tetrahedral voids permanently embedded in the K = 12 bulk. We demonstrate via computational crystallography that these tetrahedral de- fects recover the exact properties of quark structure. Each void is bounded by four cuboctahedral cells committing three bonds each, yielding the K + 1 = 13 struc- tural nodes required by the 1836 proton mass formula [4]. The FCC cubic symmetry splits the four bounding vertices into one corner and three face-centers, producing a strict 1 + 3 valence-anchor decomposition. Evaluating the bond asymmetry ra- tios between these sites recovers the +2/3 and−1/3 fractional charges [6]. This assignment generates the uud proton, the udd neutron via spatial inversion, and naturally predicts the uuu (∆++) resonance. The internal tetrahedral bonds map exclusively through non-bipartite triangular faces, enforcing color confinement by preventing electromagnetic flux separation [10]. Every result follows strictly from FCC geometry without adjustable parameters.

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green