This article analyzes the process of formation of micro-basins in the territory of Central Asia during the Iron Age, their connection with irrigation systems, and their role in the development of ancient cities. The study used historical sources, archaeological data, and geographic analysis methods. The results show that micro-basins were formed on the basis of natural water sources and artificial irrigation systems, and had a significant impact on the economic and social development of cities. This system was one of the main factors in the urbanization process during the Iron Age.