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Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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The Bridge: A Multiplicative Completion of the Weil Quadratic Form

Extending Connes' Spectral Program via the Primorial Log-Derivative Operator QW_S + iC = (d/ds log K_d)(1/2)
Authors: Abdullah, E. M.;

The Bridge: A Multiplicative Completion of the Weil Quadratic Form

Abstract

We construct a bridge operator satisfying M = H + iC = QW_S + iC = (d/ds log K_d)(1/2)unifying the multiplicative and additive descriptions of L'/L(1/2,χ) across all Dirichlet characters simultaneously. Here K_d(s) is the parametrised primorial kernel, H is the Hermitian part (Connes' Weil quadratic form QW_S restricted to the finite set S of primes dividing d), and C is the anti-Hermitian part encoding zero locations. The operator M is diagonal in the character basis with eigenvalues −L'/L(1/2,χ), verified to relative error < 10⁻¹⁴ at d = 30 and to 12-digit accuracy across all 480 characters at d = 2310. The matrix K_d(1/2) is real but not symmetric — a consequence of the functional equation giving entrywise conjugation, not transposition. This non-symmetry is the source of the entire imaginary channel: a real non-symmetric matrix has complex eigenvalues in conjugate pairs, and these complex eigenvalues carry the zero-dependent information that Connes' real symmetric Weil form cannot access. The decomposition M = H + iC separates arithmetic from analytic content. The real part h_χ = −2Re[L'/L(1/2,χ)] depends only on the conductor and parity of χ, not on zeros (proved via the functional equation). The imaginary part c_χ = −2Im[L'/L(1/2,χ)] encodes zero locations through the Hadamard product. The deficiency δ_χ := c_χ^max − c_χ ≥ 0 vanishes if and only if all zeros of L(s,χ) lie on the critical line; GRH is equivalent to δ_χ = 0 for all primitive characters. The central new result is a computable formula for the total analytic energy: Σ_χ c_χ² = Σ_χ h_χ² − 4Tr(M²), where both terms on the right are computable from K_d alone without knowledge of zero locations. To our knowledge, this identity does not appear in the existing literature. It establishes that a zero-dependent aggregate — the total squared imaginary content of L'/L(1/2,χ) across the character family — is an arithmetic invariant. This identity refines to the per-prime level. At each primorial transition d_k → d_{k+1}, the Euler factor shift Δ_χ(p) = χ(p)log p/(√p − χ(p)) satisfies per-prime H ⊥ C orthogonality: Σ_χ h_χ · Im[Δ_χ(p)] = 0 at every prime individually, so each prime's imaginary injection is invisible to the arithmetic channel. The total analytic energy obeys a computable recurrence: Σ_χ c_χ²(d_{k+1}) = Σ_χ c_χ²(d_k) + 2Σ_χ c_χ · Im[Δ_χ] + Σ_χ Im[Δ_χ]², where the cross-term is the zero-arithmetic correlation and the injection term scales as (φ(d)/2) · log²(p)/p. The per-prime arithmetic projection vectors span the full complex character subspace when sufficiently many primes are included, meaning zero information is fully recoverable from arithmetic projections. Additional results include: Tr(C) = 0 unconditionally (quadruplet cancellation); H ⊥ C trace orthogonality Σ_χ h_χ c_χ = 0; equipartition C% peaking uniquely at σ = 1/2 (numerical); a Poisson kernel connection at the critical point; and a derivative hierarchy providing computable necessary conditions for GRH at each order. The full moment hierarchy Im[Tr(M^k)] = 0 for all k is algebraically equivalent to M being real (Newton's identities); its non-trivial content is the computable Tr(C²), the per-prime orthogonality, and the energy recurrence described above. The paper establishes a precise dictionary between the bridge operator and five classical GRH-equivalent criteria: Connes' self-adjoint operator, Li's positivity criterion, the Weil explicit formula, zero-density estimates, and the Selberg moment hierarchy. Each reduces to a statement about deficiency δ_χ. The open problem is a single inequality: proving δ_χ = 0 for all primitive characters, which is equivalent to GRH.

Keywords

primorial kernel, logarithmic derivative, Weil quadratic form, Generalized Riemann Hypothesis, Hardy-Littlewood singular series, Connes spectral theory, bridge operator, Dirichlet L-functions, deficiency criterion, arithmetic-analytic separation

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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