This study examines the gender wage gap in Kyrgyzstan and evaluates the effects of the 2018–2019 public sector wage reforms on gender-based earnings inequality. Despite improvements in women’s educational attainment and growing participation in professional roles, significant wage disparities between men and women persist in the country. Women’s labor force participation has also declined over time, highlighting continuing structural challenges in the labor market. Using data from the Life in Kyrgyzstan (LiK) longitudinal survey for 2016 and 2019, this research analyzes wage determinants among wage-employed individuals. The empirical analysis applies OLS regression, Heckman sample selection correction, and Oaxaca–Blinder decomposition to identify the factors contributing to the gender wage gap and to separate explained and unexplained components of wage differences. The results show that education and job tenure positively influence wages for both genders, while occupational and regional factors also play a role. However, only a small portion of the wage gap can be explained by observable characteristics, while a large unexplained component remains. This suggests the presence of structural inequalities or potential discrimination in the labor market. The study provides new evidence on gender wage inequality and offers insights for policies aimed at reducing wage disparities in Kyrgyzstan.