Burundi's health systems have faced challenges in responding to epidemics, necessitating an ethnographic exploration of resilience strategies. An ethnographic study was conducted among healthcare workers and community members in three regions of Burundi. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and document reviews. Healthcare workers reported a significant increase (70%) in the frequency of training sessions on epidemic responses compared to pre-pandemic levels, indicating enhanced preparedness. The study underscores the importance of continuous capacity-building for healthcare personnel as a key resilience strategy against epidemics. Investment should be directed towards strengthening health education and professional development programmes in response to emerging public health threats. Burundi, Health Systems Resilience, Epidemic Response, Ethnography