This article examines the growing tendency to interpret cultural and religious identities through genetic lineages, particularly through Y-chromosome haplogroups such as J2. While population genetics provides important insights into human migrations and demographic history, its findings are often misused in public discourse as evidence of direct ethnic, civilizational, or religious continuity. The study argues that genetic markers trace only limited biological lineages and cannot explain the historical formation of cultural or religious identities. Drawing on research in population genetics, historical studies, and linguistics, the article highlights the methodological gap between biological ancestry and the historical processes that shape identity. Arabic version of the article Genetics and Identity: The Reduction of History to Biology. This article is part of the research project , Alawites: A Story Yet Unfinished (Arabic: العلويون: سرد لم يكتمل) by Helin Abbas.