Community health centers (CHCs) play a crucial role in Nigeria's healthcare system, particularly in underserved areas where access to specialized care is limited. This study employs a comprehensive search strategy across multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies published between and were considered, with attention to the quality of data reported. Bayesian hierarchical models revealed significant variation in system reliability among CHCs, with a median improvement rate of 6% across different regions. The Bayesian hierarchical model provides a robust framework for understanding and improving the performance of CHC systems in Nigeria. Based on this review, policymakers should prioritise investments in infrastructure and training programmes to enhance system reliability. Treatment effect was estimated with $\text{logit}(p_i)=\beta_0+\beta^\top X_i$, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.