Theatre and performance have been integral to social commentary across various cultures, including those in West Africa. In South Sudan, these forms of expression are often used by communities to address societal issues such as gender roles, political changes, and cultural preservation. The research methodology will involve an analysis of historical records, contemporary performances, and interviews with local practitioners. A thematic approach will be used to identify recurring themes and patterns within the data. A key finding is the consistent use of theatrical elements such as masks and costumes to symbolize social identities and roles, providing a powerful visual commentary on cultural heritage and identity preservation. This study reveals how theatre and performance serve not only as entertainment but also as vehicles for societal critique and community engagement in South Sudan's West African regions. Further research should explore the impact of global influences on local theatrical practices and their effectiveness in addressing contemporary social issues. Theatre, Performance, Social Commentary, Cultural Identity, South Sudan