Egyptian archaeology has faced significant ethical dilemmas regarding repatriation of artifacts to their countries of origin and indigenous communities. The research employs a comparative analysis approach, drawing from archival data, interviews with archaeologists and representatives of indigenous communities, and scholarly literature to explore divergent perspectives on ethical conduct in Egyptian archaeological contexts. A notable finding is the disparity in how artifacts are classified (as national heritage versus local property) between Egypt's Ministry of Antiquities and indigenous groups, leading to conflicts over repatriation rights. The study highlights the need for a more nuanced approach that respects both international legal frameworks and cultural sensitivities of affected communities. Archaeological practices should incorporate community consultation processes early in project planning stages, ensuring equitable decision-making on artifact management and repatriation. Egyptian archaeology, ethical dilemmas, repatriation, indigenous communities, comparative study