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Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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P != NP via the Irreducibility Theorem

Authors: Kureshi, Sufiyan;

P != NP via the Irreducibility Theorem

Abstract

Building on the Irreducibility Theorem [ 1 ], which established that computa-tionally irreducible structures exist in physical reality and resist shortcut from anyvantage point, we prove that P̸ = NP. The central insight is that computationalcomplexity and computational irreducibility are not merely correlated — they areidentical. The complexity of a problem is precisely the measure of how irreducibleits solution space is. NP-complete problems are maximally complex within NP bydefinition, and therefore maximally irreducible. Since irreducibility is observer-independent and cannot be defeated by any algorithm from any vantage point,no polynomial time shortcut can exist for NP-complete problems. ThereforeP̸ = NP . As a corollary, the hardness of cryptographic problems based on primefactorization is shown to follow necessarily from the irreducibility of the primesequence — not as an empirical assumption but as a structural consequence.

Keywords

Computer Science, Complexity

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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