Uganda's aging infrastructure poses significant structural integrity risks, particularly in bridges and buildings. A combination of field inspections, Finite Element Analysis (FEA), and expert judgment was employed to evaluate the structures' current state and predict future performance under various loading conditions. The analysis revealed that approximately 40% of bridges are at risk due to deteriorating materials and inadequate maintenance practices. Similarly, buildings show signs of structural weakness in over 35% of cases. Given the identified vulnerabilities, urgent intervention is required to prevent potential failures and mitigate associated risks. Immediate investment in infrastructure upgrades should prioritise bridges and buildings with critical safety concerns. Additionally, a regular inspection regime and robust maintenance policies are essential for long-term structural integrity. Structural Integrity, Aging Infrastructure, Finite Element Analysis (FEA), Policy Recommendations The maintenance outcome was modelled as $Y_{it}=\beta_0+\beta_1X_{it}+u_i+\varepsilon_{it}$, with robustness checked using heteroskedasticity-consistent errors.