Investment efficiency is one of the key economic indicators that determines the effectiveness of capital allocation and its impact on economic development. The purpose of this study is to analyze the economic essence and content of the concept of investment efficiency and to examine the factors influencing its formation and evaluation. The research is based on theoretical analysis of classical and modern economic approaches to investment activity. The study highlights the importance of efficient investment in promoting economic growth, increasing productivity, and ensuring sustainable development. Particular attention is given to the role of technological innovation, institutional environment, and modern financial evaluation methods in improving investment efficiency. The results of the study indicate that effective investment management and rational allocation of financial resources are essential for achieving long-term economic stability and competitiveness.