Central Africa is rich in natural resources such as minerals, oil, and timber, which have been a source of significant economic growth for some countries but also pose challenges to governance and development. This research employs a qualitative approach based on secondary data analysis from governmental reports, academic journals, and interviews with stakeholders involved in resource governance. The findings indicate that while there is generally strong national interest in revenue generated by resource extraction, local communities often face significant socio-economic challenges such as displacement and environmental degradation. Government policies are inconsistent, leading to frequent conflicts between extractive industries and affected populations. This study highlights the importance of harmonizing economic benefits with social responsibilities for sustainable resource management in Somalia. Recommendations include strengthening community engagement mechanisms, implementing more equitable land tenure systems, and fostering transparent governance practices that prioritise both economic development and environmental sustainability.