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Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
ZENODO
Preprint . 2026
License: CC BY
Data sources: Datacite
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The Origin of Factor '2': First-Principles Derivation of the Schwarzschild Metric from $k=6/k=3$ Topology

Authors: sato, t;

The Origin of Factor '2': First-Principles Derivation of the Schwarzschild Metric from $k=6/k=3$ Topology

Abstract

Einstein’s 1915 derivation of the Schwarzschild metric determined the factor '2' by back-calculating for consistency with the Newtonian limit. This paper derives this factor '2' for the first time from first principles, independently of Newtonian mechanics. The factor is identified as the topological ratio between the vacuum grid ($k=6$) and the matter defect ($k=3$)—a simple geometric necessity of $6/3 = 2$. By redefining spacetime curvature solely through grid topology, k-Foam Theory unifies General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics within a single axiomatic framework .

Keywords

Schwarzschild metric, General Relativity, Unified Field Theory, k-Foam Theory, Einstein, First Principles

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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