This dataset was used to generate all figures and statistical analyses for the associated publication, which is currently under review. It contains three main components:(1) data files,(2) source code, and(3) README documentation describing all variables and providing instructions for running the code. The dataset includes all processed secondary data required to reproduce the main and supplementary figures. Please download the latest version provided. In addition, the raw dataset comprises 22,824 individual trees sampled across 805 study sites worldwide. These data were compiled from published sources spanning the 1970s to the present and can be obtained from the following key references: Westfall, J. A. et al. A National-Scale Tree Volume, Biomass, and Carbon Modeling System for the United States. WO-GTR-104 (2024). Chave, J. et al. Improved allometric models to estimate the aboveground biomass of tropical trees. Global Change Biology 20, 3177–3190 (2014). Demol, M. et al. Estimating forest above-ground biomass with terrestrial laser scanning: current status and future directions. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 13, 1628–1639 (2022). Falster, D. S. et al. BAAD: a Biomass And Allometry Database for woody plants. Ecology 96, 1445 (2015). Henry, M. et al. GlobAllomeTree: an international platform for tree allometric equations. iForest 6, 326–330 (2013). Schepaschenko, D. et al. A dataset of forest biomass structure for Eurasia. Scientific Data 4, 170070 (2017). Note:Please directly contact Donghai Wu regarding 37 of the 22,824 tree records, and Jérôme Chave regarding species information for 4,004 individuals.