Genus Chagasia Cruz of subfamily Anophelinae (Diptera: Culicidae) is comprised of five species in the Neotropical Region: Ch. ablusa Harbach, n. sp., Ch. bathana (Dyar), Ch. bonneae Root, Ch. fajardi (Lutz) and Ch. rozeboomi Causey, Deane & Deane. The genus is described in detail and diagnoses, keys and illustrations are provided for the identification of the adult, pupal and larval stages of each species. The larval and pupal stages of a Chagasia species (Ch. bonneae) are fully illustrated for the first time. A neotype specimen is designated for Ch. fajardi to fix its identity and distinguish it from Ch. ablusa. The species treatments also include a synonymy (where applicable), a discussion, information on distribution, a synopsis of material examined and a summary of previous literature. The work is considered to be a review rather than a revision of the genus because too few link-reared specimens were available for detailed comparative study of all life stages, and it was not possible to determine the total range of morphological variation and the actual distributions of the species.